Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Natural Antimicrobials and Oral Microorganisms: A Systematic Review on Herbal Interventions for the Eradication of Multispecies Oral Biofilms

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01529

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overview of the names and concentrations of the medicinal herbs, bacterial characteristics of oral biofilms, treatment duration, and major outcomes of the studies of herbal intervention on in vitro formed multispecies oral biofilms .

Article Snippet: Furiga et al., , 2008 , Red grape marc extract (GME) red wine extract (RWE) pine bark extract (PBE)/50–2000 μg/ml , Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 Streptococcus sobrinus ATCC 33478 Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 10953 , Treatments of 1 min each, every 4 h over 16 h , - Potency against bacterial viability: chlorhexidine > RWE = PBE > GME - GME inhibited the glass surface adhesion by S. mutans - GME and PBE inhibited bacterial adhesion to hydroxyapatite - PBE inhibited synthesis of glucosyltransferase by 83.9% at 100 μg/ml.

Techniques: In Vitro, Incubation, Concentration Assay, Activity Assay, Inhibition, Fluorescence

Journal: PeerJ

Article Title: Antibacterial and anti-adherence effects of a plant extract mixture (PEM) and its individual constituent extracts ( Psidium sp. , Mangifera sp ., and Mentha sp .) on single- and dual-species biofilms

doi: 10.7717/peerj.2519

Figure Lengend Snippet: The MIC, MBC and FIC value of PEM and its individual constituent plant extracts against tested oral bacteria.

Article Snippet: S. sanguinis ATCC BAA-1455 + S. mutans ATCC 25175 , (1.49 ± 0.36) × 10 7 + (1.54 ± 0.35) × 10 7.

Techniques: Bacteria, Concentration Assay

Journal: PeerJ

Article Title: Antibacterial and anti-adherence effects of a plant extract mixture (PEM) and its individual constituent extracts ( Psidium sp. , Mangifera sp ., and Mentha sp .) on single- and dual-species biofilms

doi: 10.7717/peerj.2519

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bacterial population in CFU/ml for the negative control for S. sanguinis and S. mutans singly and in the mixture.

Article Snippet: S. sanguinis ATCC BAA-1455 + S. mutans ATCC 25175 , (1.49 ± 0.36) × 10 7 + (1.54 ± 0.35) × 10 7.

Techniques: Negative Control, Bacteria, Control

Journal: PeerJ

Article Title: Antibacterial and anti-adherence effects of a plant extract mixture (PEM) and its individual constituent extracts ( Psidium sp. , Mangifera sp ., and Mentha sp .) on single- and dual-species biofilms

doi: 10.7717/peerj.2519

Figure Lengend Snippet: The percentage of anti-adhered bacterial cells present in the biofilm was expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) where a number of determinations ( n ) = 27. a- p < 0.05 comparing between PEM, Psidium sp., Mangifera sp., Mentha sp., 0.12% CHX (positive control) and negative control (Kruskal–Wallis test). b- p < 0.05 comparing between PEM and Psidium sp., PEM and positive control and PEM and negative control (Mann–Whitney test). c- p < 0.05 comparing between S. sanguinis and S. mutans (treated with Mangifera sp.), S. sanguinis and S. mutans (treated with Mentha sp.) and S. sanguinis and S. mutans (treated with PEM) (Mann–Whitney test).

Article Snippet: S. sanguinis ATCC BAA-1455 + S. mutans ATCC 25175 , (1.49 ± 0.36) × 10 7 + (1.54 ± 0.35) × 10 7.

Techniques: Standard Deviation, Positive Control, Negative Control, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: PeerJ

Article Title: Antibacterial and anti-adherence effects of a plant extract mixture (PEM) and its individual constituent extracts ( Psidium sp. , Mangifera sp ., and Mentha sp .) on single- and dual-species biofilms

doi: 10.7717/peerj.2519

Figure Lengend Snippet: The percentage of anti-adhered bacterial cells present in the biofilm was expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) where a number of determinations ( n ) = 27. a- p < 0.05 comparing between the respective PEM, Psidium sp., Mangifera sp., Mentha sp., 0.12% CHX (positive control) and the negative control (Kruskal–Wallis test). b- p < 0.05 comparing between PEM and Psidium sp., PEM and Mentha sp. (for S. sanguinis ), PEM and positive control and, PEM and negative control (Mann–Whitney test). c- p < 0.05 comparing between S. mutans and S. sanguinis (treated with Mangifera sp.), S. mutans and S. sanguinis (treated with Mentha sp.), S. mutans and S. sanguinis (treated with positive control) and, S. mutans and S. sanguinis (treated with negative control) (Mann–Whitney test).

Article Snippet: S. sanguinis ATCC BAA-1455 + S. mutans ATCC 25175 , (1.49 ± 0.36) × 10 7 + (1.54 ± 0.35) × 10 7.

Techniques: Standard Deviation, Positive Control, Negative Control, MANN-WHITNEY